SOCKS We study the spin and charge accumulation in a superconductor when a normal-superconductor tunnel junction is subjected to a Zeeman magnetic field and taken out of equilibrium by applying either a DC or AC voltage bias.We focus on a configuration which allows one to measure non-locally the spin-accumulation using a second ferromagnetic electr

Abstract Background Activated sludge (AS) systems in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) harbor enormous viruses that regulate microbial metabolism and nutrient cycling, significantly influencing the stability of AS systems.However, our knowledge about the diversity of viral taxonomic groups and functional traits in global AS systems is still limit

Color edge detection is a key technique in image processing for vision engineering.In this paper, a new edge detector based on normalized Anisotropic Gaussian Directional Derivative and Multi-channel Gradient Matrix Fusion is proposed.Firstly, the color loader image is decomposed into six components in the RGB model and the HSV model, respectively.

A method of organizing electron-wave interaction at the multiplied frequency of the signal wave is 3-Piece Gift Set proposed.This type of electron-wave interaction provides multiplied-frequency electron bunching, which leads to formation of an intense harmonic of the electron current at a selected multiplied frequency of the signal wave.This effect

Population growth is a major problem of developing countries, which adversely affect economic growth and development.Today world population is 7.2 billion almost double of 1960 population.Pakistan is the 6th populous country with population of Disposable Bowls 188.2 million.Population growth in Pakistan is 1.95 almost double of world population gro